The Effects Of Illegal Immigrants On The Us Economy

Illegal immigrants in the United States have long been a subject of examine for policymakers and people in general. . The basis about them is that they do not pay taxes, they add to the costs of taxpayers and use up funds in resources meant for assisting citizens and legal immigrants. Hence, they are seen as a danger to the US economy. The genuine effects of illegal immigrants on the US economy are discussed by debating over the economic benefits as well as economic costs of these immigrants. The negative impacts, discussed first, presented the decreases in low skilled jobs’ wage rates for legal immigrants and citizens instigated by illegal immigrants, the social services such as educations and healthcare that they utilize and add to taxpayers. At that point in spite of the negative effects, the positive effects uncover advantages of low production costs, increases in the local market sales, undocumented tax generation, impact on growth and employment brought forth by illegal immigrants. These impacts, both negative and positive, are independently analyzed and weighed against each other. The discussion does demonstrate a slight net positive impact on the US economy in contrast to the normal belief about illegal immigrants. â€Å"Illegal Immigrants and the United States Economy: Is It that Big of an Issue?† The journey from a few cave people to seven billion humans on this planet has been portrayed by the physical development of Homo sapiens starting with one place to another,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Illegal Immigrants On The Us Economy2794 Words   |  12 PagesIllegal immigrants in the United States (US) have long been a topic of debate for policy makers and the public. The rationale about them is that they do not pay taxes; they add to the costs of taxpayers and use up funds in resources meant for assisting citizens and legal immigrants (the legal citizens). Therefore, they are perceived as a threat to the US economy. The true impacts of illegal immigrants on the US economy are discussed by debating over the economic benefits as well as economic costsRead MoreThe Dangers Surrounding the United States and Mexican Boarder1048 Words   |  4 Pages It is amazing to think about the great lengths one is willing to go to take in order to provide for their f amily and the slight chance of a better life. The immigrants crossing the U.S border from Mexico are the ones taking the deadly journey through the fiery desert. They all have different backgrounds, family but the one thing they all share is the goal of escaping poverty to find riches in the united states â€Å"and Read MoreIllegal Immigration Is The United States Essay1643 Words   |  7 Pagesto the land of opportunity because it is the only true free country in the world. Because of this, the issue of illegal immigration is, and always been occurring since day one. The defined definition of the term â€Å"illegal immigration† is the migration of people across national borders in a way that violates the immigration laws of the destination country. There are thousands of illegals that get inside the United States borders every single day. Whether it is from getting over the border, throughRead MoreImmigration Reform O f The United States1397 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1986, the United States enacted The Immigration Reform and Control Act which made it illegal to hire illegal immigrants. This is by far the biggest reform made in recent history. Immigration reform is simply making changes to a country’s immigration policies for the better. It has been a huge and controversial topic since 1986 and even more so when President Obama proposed a reform himself in 2009. According to Obama, this reform would improve border enforcement, be stricter on visa overstaysRead MoreThe Rights Of Illegal Immigration1690 Words   |  7 PagesJuan Guarintino was a Spanish immigrant who moved here into the United States. Juan worked for General Faucets and Plumbing and loved every minute of his job. There was only one problem that Juan was struggling with in America. Juan Guarintino was an illegal immigrant who had paid someone to smuggle him into the United States and make him a fake visa card. Now, a few d ays ago, he shot a man for the twenty dollars in his pocket that way he could manage his chronic cocaine problem, but the police haveRead MoreThe Benefits of the DREAM Act 825 Words   |  3 Pageshigher and better paying jobs, which would greatly affect our country and be beneficial to the economy. Therefore, the passing of the DREAM Act represents a fair deal to both the young DREAMers and the American society. Young illegal immigrants who would be able to benefit from the DREAM Act have difficulties when it comes to have access to higher education and high paying jobs because of their illegal status. And passing the DREAM Act will help them reach their educational and professional goalsRead MoreThe Cost of Illegal Imigration Essays1560 Words   |  7 PagesPresident Franklin Roosevelt once said the famous words of,† Remember, remember always, that all of us, and you and I especially, are descended from immigrants and revolutionists.† (Roosevelt, Franklin) In the dilemma we face today people love to bring this up as an excuse. In all the years our great country has been established, we have always thrived upon immigrants, because even we are descended from immigrants. However when others come here to our country and are not documented and drastically changeRead MoreKnowing More about Immigration Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration has been around ever since people hav e chosen to move around to different lands other than their own to settle and live on. The United States is one big melting pot of immigrants; it is made up of immigrants from everywhere in the world: people from Ireland, Germany, China, and everywhere else. According to bbc.co.uk immigrants migrate because of â€Å"pull factors† which are reasons why people immigrate somewhere new. Some examples of pull factors are higher employment rates, more money, better helpRead MoreImmigration On The United States1302 Words   |  6 Pagessay it’s the foundation of our country. America is the country where people leave their own country to live. People would leave due to mistreatment, hunger issues or job opportunities. America is known for starting over or accomplishing dreams, so immigrants travel over to follow those dreams. People emigrate from one country to another for a variety of complex reasons. Some are forced to move, due to conflict or to escape persecution and pr ejudices, while others may voluntarily emigrate. AlthoughRead MoreThe Effects Of Mexican Immigration On The United States1252 Words   |  6 PagesHEAD: IMMIGRATION POLICY Immigration Policy in the United States: The Effects of Immigration on the Legal, Native Workforce Christopher R. Surfus, MBA, MPA Western Michigan University School of Public Affairs and Administration PADM-6840 Management of Public Financial Resources Professor Robert Peters, Ph.D. December 3, 2015 Immigration Policy in the United States: The Effects of Mexican Immigration on the Legal Workforce ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Immigration policy The Effects Of Illegal Immigrants On The Us Economy Illegal immigrants in the United States (US) have long been a topic of debate for policy makers and the public. The rationale about them is that they do not pay taxes; they add to the costs of taxpayers and use up funds in resources meant for assisting citizens and legal immigrants (the legal citizens). Therefore, they are perceived as a threat to the US economy. The true impacts of illegal immigrants on the US economy are discussed by debating over the economic benefits as well as economic costs of these immigrants. The negative impacts, discussed first, presented the decreases in low skilled jobs’ wage rates for legal immigrants and citizens instigated by illegal immigrants, the social services such as educations and healthcare that they utilize and add to taxpayers. Then contrary to the negative impacts, the positive impacts reveal benefits of low production costs, increases in the local market sales, undocumented tax generation, impact on growth and employment brought fort h by illegal immigrants. These impacts, both negative and positive, are independently analyzed and weighed against each other. The discussion does show a slight net positive impact on the US economy in contrast to the normal belief about illegal immigrants. Illegal Immigrants and the United States Economy: Is It that Big of an Issue? The journey from a few cave people to seven billion humans on this planet has been characterized by the physical movement of Homo sapiens from one place to another,Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Illegal Immigrants On The Us Economy2918 Words   |  12 Pages Illegal immigrants in the United States have long been a subject of examine for policymakers and people in general. . The basis about them is that they do not pay taxes, they add to the costs of taxpayers and use up funds in resources meant for assisting citizens and legal immigrants. Hence, they are seen as a danger to the US economy. The genuine effects of illegal immigrants on the US economy are discussed by debating over the economic benefits as well as economic costs of these immigrants. TheRead MoreThe Dangers Surrounding the United States and Mexican Boarder1048 Words   |  4 Pages It is amazing to think about the great lengths one is willing to go to take in order to provide for their family and the slight chance of a better life. The immigrants crossing the U.S border from Mexico are the ones taking the deadly journey through the fiery desert. They all have different backgrounds, family but the one thing they all share is the goal of escaping poverty to find riches in the united states â€Å"and Read MoreIllegal Immigration Is The United States Essay1643 Words   |  7 Pagesto the land of opportunity because it is the only true free country in the world. Because of this, the issue of illegal immigration is, and always been occurring since day one. The defined definition of the term â€Å"illegal immigration† is the migration of people across national borders in a way that violates the immigration laws of the destination country. There are thousands of illegals that get inside the United States borders every single day. Whether it is from getting over the border, throughRead MoreImmigration Reform Of The United States1397 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1986, the United States enacted The Immigration Reform and Control Act which made it illegal to hire illegal immigrants. This is by far the biggest reform made in recent history. Immigration reform is simply making c hanges to a country’s immigration policies for the better. It has been a huge and controversial topic since 1986 and even more so when President Obama proposed a reform himself in 2009. According to Obama, this reform would improve border enforcement, be stricter on visa overstaysRead MoreThe Rights Of Illegal Immigration1690 Words   |  7 PagesJuan Guarintino was a Spanish immigrant who moved here into the United States. Juan worked for General Faucets and Plumbing and loved every minute of his job. There was only one problem that Juan was struggling with in America. Juan Guarintino was an illegal immigrant who had paid someone to smuggle him into the United States and make him a fake visa card. Now, a few days ago, he shot a man for the twenty dollars in his pocket that way he could manage his chronic cocaine problem, but the police haveRead MoreThe Benefits of the DREAM Act 825 Words   |  3 Pageshigher and better paying jobs, which would greatly affect our country and be beneficial to the economy. Therefore, the passing of the DREAM Act represents a fair deal to both the young DREAMers and the American society. Young illegal immigrants who would be able to benefit from the DREAM Act have difficulties when it comes to have access to higher education and high paying jobs because of their illegal status. And passing the DREAM Act will help them reach their educational and professional goalsRead MoreThe Cost of Illegal Imigration Essays1560 Words   |  7 PagesPresident Franklin Roosevelt once said the famous words of,† Remember, remember always, that all of us, and you and I especially, are descended from immigrants and revolutionists.† (Roosevelt, Franklin) In the dilemma we face today people love to bring this up as an excuse. In all the years our great country has been established, we have always thrived upon immigrants, because even we are descended from immigrants. However when others come here to our country and are not documented and drastically changeRead MoreKnowing More about Immigration Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration has been around ever since people hav e chosen to move around to different lands other than their own to settle and live on. The United States is one big melting pot of immigrants; it is made up of immigrants from everywhere in the world: people from Ireland, Germany, China, and everywhere else. According to bbc.co.uk immigrants migrate because of â€Å"pull factors† which are reasons why people immigrate somewhere new. Some examples of pull factors are higher employment rates, more money, better helpRead MoreImmigration On The United States1302 Words   |  6 Pagessay it’s the foundation of our country. America is the country where people leave their own country to live. People would leave due to mistreatment, hunger issues or job opportunities. America is known for starting over or accomplishing dreams, so immigrants travel over to follow those dreams. People emigrate from one country to another for a variety of complex reasons. Some are forced to move, due to conflict or to escape persecution and pr ejudices, while others may voluntarily emigrate. AlthoughRead MoreThe Effects Of Mexican Immigration On The United States1252 Words   |  6 PagesHEAD: IMMIGRATION POLICY Immigration Policy in the United States: The Effects of Immigration on the Legal, Native Workforce Christopher R. Surfus, MBA, MPA Western Michigan University School of Public Affairs and Administration PADM-6840 Management of Public Financial Resources Professor Robert Peters, Ph.D. December 3, 2015 Immigration Policy in the United States: The Effects of Mexican Immigration on the Legal Workforce ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Immigration policy

Corporate Social Responsibility Of Disney Company - 891 Words

Corporate social responsibility CSR has experienced that it essentially original mission in the pantheon in the management literature. the basic question at the heart of CSR are as old as a business itself such as what is an industry for and what is it proposing and it does make for the nation? This essay will demonstrate the strength challenges limitations of corporate social responsibility. It will also raise ethical responsibility Journey and controversy of The Walt Disney company. This report is organized as follows: the First section deals with the historical and definition of CSR. the second plan will give details of the benefice to incorporate CSR in your company the third section will show the history of Walt Disney company and Them The theory of corporate social responsibility (CSR) applies to the overall view held by rising numbers of residents that recent businesses hold obligations to society that continue behind their commitments to the stockholders or investors in the firm. The obligation to investors, is obviously, is to create profits for the owners and maximise the long-term property of shareholders. Other societal stakeholders that industry would also have some charge to typically involve purchasers, workers, the community at huge, government, and the natural environment. The CSR concept refers to all size organisations, but conversations lead to concentrate on large businesses because they try to be apparent and powerful. And, as manyShow MoreRelatedThe Walt Disney Company1633 Words   |  7 Pagesapplied on the analysis of the ethical issue of the Walt Disney Company. The recommendations we believed that can help to address the ethical problems are also included in this paper. Background of The Walt Disney Company The Walt Disney Company is a international entertainment and media enterprise. It has established for more than nine decades and developed from a cartoon studio in the 1920s to the global corporation today. The Walt Disney Company is consisted of five business segments which are mediaRead MoreWalt Disney Company1407 Words   |  6 Pagesmarketing has become necessary for an organization’s survival and The Walt Disney Company (Disney) has been a pioneer in global expansion. Disney was founded in 1923 and is one of the largest media and entertainment corporations in the world consisting of theme parks, film and record brands, and licensed character brands. Although Disney has captured much of the global market, many of the world’s locations have remained void of the Disney magic. The key to successfully entering these markets is marketingRead MoreThe Issue Of Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1319 Words   |  6 Pages The issue of corporate social responsibility has recently been the subject of much debate. These debates pose the question â€Å"What responsibilities, if any, do corporations have to society and the greater good?† From a legal standpoint the answer to that question is none. Legally, corporations have no responsibility to participate in any type of social responsibility, in fact, doing so is illegal and can lead to directors and corporate officers being sued by shareholders. Although the specific lawRead Morecsr of walt disney1098 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY CSR is about how companies manage the business process to produce an overall positive impact on society Achieving commercial success in ways that honor ethical values respect people, communities natural environment CSR OF WALT DISNEY COMPANY â€Å" CSR is not a cosmetic, it must be rooted in our values, it must make a difference to the way we do our business† WALT DISNEY CO. The Walt Disney Company is one of the largest and most well-known corporationsRead MoreDisneys Strategic Initiative Paper1708 Words   |  7 PagesDisney s Ethic and Compliance Paper Jennifer Banks-Milbry, William Coon, Shedrick Daniels, Gene Daughtry, Don Thomas, Victor Williams FIN/370 February 28, 2011 Troy Mahone Disney s Ethic and Compliance Paper Introduction The Walt Disney Company, better known as Disney, represents a premier name in family entertainment worldwide (The Walt Disney Company, 2011). Since the company 1923 beginnings, Disney has become a company with a worldwide market capitalization of more thanRead MoreThe Sustainability Move At Tyson1123 Words   |  5 Pagestheir Tyson Food Core Values dedicated to keeping integrity and honesty within the company and creating better communities (Core Values). Tyson is a large corporation having grown a lot over the years and for their CSR initiatives they have many that deal in different areas from the environment to even religion (Sustainability). Their CSR programs however different do still agree with the purpose of their company. Tyson provides many services that all have an effect on communities, the environmentRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibilities ( Csr ) That Crayola, Disney, Google, Lipton, And Tyson1348 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction I am writing this paper to discuss the different corporate social responsibilities (CSR) that Crayola, Disney, Google, Lipton, and Tyson are involved in and to determine their productiveness. First, I will provide you with the history of these corporations and then I want to tell you about their CSR initiatives. I will evaluate each business and deduce whether they are really socially responsible or not. History Crayola The very beginning of Crayola started with Joseph Binney when heRead MoreWalt Disneys The Disney Company1586 Words   |  7 PagesCompany in Brief The Walt Disney Company all began when Walt Disney made his way to California with his â€Å"pilot† film of Alice’s Wonderland to sell â€Å"Alice Comedies† to a distributor. He was contracted to distribute â€Å"Alice Comedies† on October 16,1923 which is the beginning of the â€Å"Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio† which later became the Disney Company. For the first couple of decades the Disney Company was only geared toward one business segment, studio entertainment. Walt had the desire to branchRead MoreSocial Responsibility And Corporate Responsibility1165 Words   |  5 PagesSocial responsibility should be important to businesses because it shows consumers and the media that the company takes a serious interest in doing what is right. These issues may be spread locally, nationally, or globally and could impact the health and wellness of customers and employees. Implementing a good social responsibility policy can impact buying decisions for consumers wanting to make purchases from an ethical company. Building a trustworthy reputation takes time, and effort, and isRead MoreStarbucks : A New Standard Towards Being Socially Responsible And Globally Conscious1248 Words   |  5 Pagescorporations are like this. We now have companies like Starbucks that are setting a new standard towards being Socially Responsible and globally conscious. Starbucks has been known to make huge amounts of profits over something as simple but yet so complicate as a cup of coffee. Starbucks is hugely involved towards bring social justice into its supply chain and while doing so also want to have a positive impact in the communities they enter. Starbucks isn’t the only company that’s doing something different

Personal Theory Paper Free Essays

Personality Theory Paper Sherry Richards PSYCH 504 April 8, 2013 Shawn Davis Ph. D. Personality Theory Paper The film Rudy is about a young man from a blue-collar family who wants to play football for Notre Dame, with less than stellar grades, and no money for college Rudy goes to work at the steel mill where his father works. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Theory Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then things all changed when his best friend was killed in an explosion, Rudy decides to follow his dream. That dream of attending Notre Dame and playing on the football team of the Fighting Irish. He fails to get admitted after leaving for the campus of Notre Dame. He obtains the assistance and sponsorship from a local priest and starts at a small junior college called Holy Cross College; this is to get grades good enough to allow for a transfer so he hopes. After befriending a graduate student and the teaching assistant at the junior college D-Bob, they strike a deal that Rudy will help him meet girls in exchange for the toutoring that he will provided. D-Bob has Rudy tested and find out that dyslexia which was a big part of the learning issues and Rudy then learns how to overcome this disability and becomes a better student. Rudy continues to bomb out with setting up D-Bob until a girl set him up with Elsa. At Christmas when Rudy goes home, the family mocks him and his ambition to get into the college and play football. Once back at school when finally receives the approval for the transfer to Notre Dame, from the junior college, he runs home to tell the family. His father tells everyone via the loudspeaker at the steel mill. Rudy goes to the stadium groundskeeper and offers to work at no charge after not accepted into the college. Since Rudy has no other place, he utilizes the office cot. By using the window to come and go until the groundskeeper realizes this and eventually comes around to liking Rudy and even gives him his own key, Rudy returns once he is accepted into Notre Dame on the last semester transfer. Even though he walks on the field as a non-scholarship player for the team, the coach tells Rudy that even the scholarship players will not make the dress roster of the players who are on the field during the football games. One thing that the coach notices is that Rudy has more drive than many of the other members of the team that are there on scholarship. Coach Parseghian agrees to allow Rudy to dress for one home game, as it is senior year, so his family and friends can see him on the team. There was a change in coaches and then Rudy was not on the roster for the next to last game so he quit the team. The groundskeeper whose name is Fortune tells Rudy that he will regret it as he will never have the chance again. Therefore, this convinces him to return to the team. The team captain and a senior stand up for Rudy and request that Rudy be allowed to dress for the final game and many say that he can wear their number, as they will not play so he can. The result is the final game that is at home when he will be allowed to play. Rudy gets to lead the team out of the tunnel and onto the field and he gets onto the official roster of the Notre Dame Football team. Rudy is in for the final play, he tackles the other teams quarterback, and the team carries him off the field on their shoulders. Karen Horney psychoanalytical social theory believes that the childhood experiences are the biggest social and cultural conditions that shape the personality. In this situation, I feel that Rudy would be neurotic search for glory. He is determined to be on the team and be on the field. This to me is a dream yes, but also wanting to search for pride and glory. Horney stressed culture and that it cannot be ignored when working with people. According to the western culture as she saw it that the society demand for success and achievement are almost endless so that normal people have new, additional goals put to them all the time and that with hard work and effort with no regard to the social position, competitiveness of others or genetics. She believes that childhood is where the majority of the neurotic problems come from. And that without the genuine warmth and affection there are debilitating personal problems. The drive that Rudy shows according to her is due to a neurosis, just because he wants this does not mean that he was not treated right as a child it is a dream and he ended up making it real. Abraham Maslow suggested a hierarchy of needs that illustrate a process of attaining self-actuation through fulfillment of a succession of needs from basic psychobiological needs to important psychological needs (Cervone Pervin, 2010). The sixteen-personality factor model developed by Cattell, was developed utilizing the work of previous scientists in the field. The esire to have descriptors of low range and high range which then gave the primary factor. The primary factors for Rudy I believe would be social boldness as he wants what he wants and works to find a way to get in the high range and high side of self-reliance. He wants to play for the Notre Dame team in his senior year. He with the help of his sponsor start out in a junior college and make it to the college he wishes to be at, then he works to overcome obstacles which are his size and weight to be on the team. He through help of other teammates gets into the last home game of the season and has several accomplishments. The first he leads the team onto the field at the beginning of the game so that his friends and family see him in the Notre Dame uniform, then he sacks the quarterback in the last play of the game and the teammates carry him off the field on their shoulders in celebration. The factors that drive Rudy I feel is the dream he seeks to make real and he does that regardless of obstacles that are there for him, such as poor academics, height, and weight. Works Cited Bohart, D. A. (2013, March 16). Legal, Ethical, and professional Issues in Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy. Retrieved from academyprojects. org: http://www. cademyprojects. org/alternatives. htm Cervone, Pervin. (2010). Personality: Theory and research (11th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. DeSouse, A. (2011). Freudian theory and consciousness: A concptual analysis. Brain, Mind and Consciousness: An International, Interdisciplinary Perspective, 210-217. helpguide. (2013, March 25). phobias and fears: symptoms, treatment, and self-h elp. Retrieved from helpguide. org: www. helpguide. org/mental/phobia_symptoms_types_treatment. htm Institute of Medicine (US). (2006). Committee on Assessing Interactions Among Social, Behavior, and genetic Factors in Health. Washingtonm D. C. , US. How to cite Personal Theory Paper, Papers

Scene Analysis free essay sample

Scene 1 of ‘Romeo and Juliet’ written by William Shakespeare outlines significant aspects within the play, such as the fate or destiny of Romeo and the deaths of Tybalt and Mercutio. I will explore such themes of this momentous scene. The scene describes Benvolio and Mercutio wanting to retire due to the immense heat of the boiling sun, also implying that hot temperature would tend to create hot tempers! Although before doing so, they encounter Tybalt and his men, Mercutio and the Capulet trade empty taunts, threats and insults to each other but before all hell breaks loose, Romeo comes to restore the peace between them. But now Tybalt is furious towards Romeo and claims he is a villain but Romeo ceases to be provoked as he is now related to Tybalt as he newly married Juliet. Mercutio, annoyed for the fact that Romeo refuses to defend himself, recklessly decides to challenge Tybalt to a fight himself, he falls to Tybalt’s hand resulting in Romeo feeling guilt within himself as Tybalt stabbed Mercutio under his arm. We will write a custom essay sample on Scene Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tybalt’s posse run away alongside him. He returns alone and is slain by Romeo blinded by fury. Prince then arrives and attempts to bring justice to those committing such crimes. The slow scenes of Act 2 dramatically change into intense conflict in this scene. The violent outburst showcased was built up due to the extreme tension between the two houses in previous moments. It is truly a turning point in the play as Romeo slaying his newly married wife’s cousin Tybalt resulted him into banishment just as the ‘forbidden lovers’ ironically had finally started to become closer to one another. The death of Tybalt forced Romeo to reflect upon what just had happened thus it filled him with regret and guilt The theme of conflict in this scene displays that the play has started to become more of a tragedy genre as earlier it was more of a comedy. The final lines of the character, Mercutio helps emphasise the whole situation and atmosphere. As well as our impression towards him, â€Å"A plague o’ both your houses†, Mercutio shouts in his dying words—we interpret that he curses both the Montague and Capulet families, Romeo and Tybalt are used to represent the house holds here. He screams at them, cursing them for what they have done to him. For the first time it is not only a one sided matter, Romeo constantly interrupting the battle almost seemed to dishonour his friend, Mercutio and Tybalt who struck Mercutio to his last breath. â€Å"O, I am fortune’s fool! † is evident of Romeo harshly stating that he has become to let fate control him and blames fate for his unfortunate actions. But as stated earlier: â€Å"O sweet Juliet, Thy beauty hath made me effeminate†, also explains that he blames himself not only because he has just slain Tybalt selfishly, creating sorrow concerning Juliet but also the fact that the love he bears to his lover has made him weak and as stated- ‘effeminate’. This explicitly shows the theme of love. We can easily analyse this scene due to the themes explored and again mention the deaths and eventful tragedies that created such a powerful turning point in the play shown in Act 3.

Person And Society Essays - Civilizations, Sumer, Thomas Hobbes

Person And Society In this paper I will try to explain the puzzle of whether individuals are products of society or society is a product of individuals. I believe that in general, and in the beginning, the answer to this question, is that society is a human product. I will start by presenting early man, the hunter and gatherer as an early form of society, but lacking critical qualities of a society. Then I will continue to support my theory by analyzing the beginning of known society some three and one half thousands years ago. I will present the individual as creation of society, or more precisely, an ongoing social recursive conditioning. I will also present society as creation of individuals. Finally, I will conclude my paper with some thoughts on the paradox of who is the product and who is the producer of the individual and society. EARLY MAN According to Charles Darwin, man developed from the ape. Darwins theory of evolution appears to be unsupported though, because for thousands of years these apes have been there, but none of them have developed into human beings nor did Darwin ever find the missing link. Although unproved, there must be a process of evolution. And if there was evolutionary process, a few of the steps in-between still must be missing. Since man is not asexual, man did not, and could not, survive or prosper by himself. Early man grouped together with other hunters and gathers to form a family which brought order, direction, and stability to his life. According to Rousseau, the earliest and only natural societies are families (Primis 192). The point here is that the individuals choose to become a part of something larger than the individual. But if Rousseau is correct, there was a time when the individual gave up certain freedoms to find security within a group. This is contra to Thomas Hobbes view. It was not until significant scientific advances in the nineteenth century that the view of this seventeenth century philosopher Hobbes has his views rejected. Hobbes stated that the life of early man was solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short. Hobbes thought that early man was scarcely even human and a club-wielding savage. At either rate, early man lacked the qualities that were considered by John Locke as necessary to begin a society even though it is believed that groups and families existed. Society as Product of Individuals Some three and one half thousands years ago a group of individuals gathered their resources together to form the first civilization named Sumer. The people that lived there were called Sumerians. The Sumerians began as a primitive race stemming from the hunters and gatherers who came to the area known as southern Mesopotamia to form the first permanent human settlement. By the end of their occupation in Mesopotamia, they had created the beginnings of society as we know it today. It has been said by the locals that this place is the fabled Garden of Eden and also according to tradition, Eden existed in the marshes of this fertile land that is today known as Iraq today. The lands of Sumer were fertile and in close relationship to two major rivers which are known as the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers today. The fertile lands were feed by the rivers and allowed the settlers to stop the migratory habits of their predecessors or early man. The constant migration of early man had prevented any real education to exist as they were always on the move in search of food and shelter. Early man was only concerned with survival, which meant that they did not have the leisure time to give thought to the development of academia. The Sumerians, which found the development of agriculture an easy task in this land, found that they had time to develop culture and devote time to academic studies. The Sumerians conceived and began development of mathematics, reading, writing skills and the written text on cunieform tablets, the wheel and agricultural technology, which are heavily relied upon in today's society. By 3,000 BC, the written script of the Sumerians had evolved into a full syllabic alphabet. The Sumerian's gift of writing made possible for the recording of history for the first time. The recording of literature, science, society and history is a lasting legacy of the Sumerians and our society. The individuals in the Sumer originated the development of society through the codes of law that was written as, and to be, social policy. These were the first written laws

The American Dream Essay

The American Dream Essay Free Online Research Papers What is the American Dream? There has always been a dream in the hearts of man that the American Dream is the one goal in life that all must pursue in order to achieve something in their lives. Although the American dream has always been present, the one time that the American dream had its time of reward to the American people was after the Great War, during the 1920’s. Known as the Jazz Age, this time period was a social, psychological, and material flourishing of the American people that has been classified as a time of immense opportunity. The Jazz Age was important to the American dream because it shows the different aspects of the exact rewards and consequences of following it. During this time of cultural prosperity, many novels had portrayed American society as a lost Eden, the land that has lost its identity from the degradation of human values. The myriad of works being published during that time period depicts the downfall of the American hero. In the novel, The Great Gatsby, a man, Jay Gatsb y, attempts to pursue the dream for of a perfect life, but his goals eventually backfire upon himself. In the work, A Raisin in the Sun, a world of seemingly endless opportunity is seen from the perspective of an African American family. In Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms, a disillusioned man tries to escape the odds against him in war by running away but still loses everything. Although the American dream defines America as a â€Å"New Eden† of ever-expanding opportunity, the seemingly self-reliant individual will become disillusioned to the fallacies of America and come to the truth that its dream is neither true nor attainable despite the efforts of the individual. While many believe that America is a land of purity, the wastelands that the uninhibited pursuit of material wealth elucidates that the effects of the American lifestyle are not boundless but only hidden. The affluent lifestyles of the Jazz Age initiated a decline in morals and the disruption of society. The lifestyles made the impression that a living could be made instantly and anyone with a vague want for success could fulfill all of their desires. Gatsby, an outcast exploited by society, follows such a dream, but falls from grace into a common quagmire, thus preventing him from achieving his American Dream. The society, in its hunger for success in the form of the American dream, took what Gatsby had to offer it in the form of numerous parties but gave nothing in return when he was in need and in fact condemned him as a scapegoat when a murder had been committed. In the novel, Gatsby’s personality and desire â€Å"turned out all right at the end†¦ it is what preyed o n Gatsby†¦ [,]what foul dust floated in the wake of his dreams† that killed off his dreams, passions, and goals (Fitzgerald 6). In the novel, an important symbol is the ash heap, which represents the sins of humanity and the faà §ade of the American dream. The ash heap represents the unintended consequences of the unrestricted lifestyle of the American dream. The purity of the American native land was at first pristine and full of potential. However, the lifestyle of abusing the land for individual ends corrupted the opportunities that the â€Å"old island here that flowered once for Dutch sailor’s eyes- a fresh, green beast of the new world [‘s] vanished trees that had made way for Gatsby’s house† was destroyed for the riches of the American Dream (189). The Dutch Sailor’s were people who had seen America as full of potential and became the aboriginal settlers that cultivated the vast opportunities that America had to offer. Jay Gatsby was a man that did not have the realization of his dream. He was so stuck in the past that he did not realize that the people around him were not going to comply with his rules. He wanted so much from everyone and thought that he controlled every aspect of his life. As he fought on for the attention of Daisy Buchanan, his lost fiancà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and the last key to his American Dream, he never realized that he was going to die before he could reach his fullest potential. The sin of society prevented him from achieving what he truly had aspired to do. As Nick Carraway, the narrator, states, â€Å"we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past†(Fitzgerald 189). Fitzgerald’s cynical view of the status of things shows that no matter how hard someone tries to achieve the American Dream, there will always be obstacles to the dream that will cause them to be pushed back to where they had begun. The idea of a perfect American Dream will undoubtedly cause one to end in disaster. Without the disillusionment of reality, one who pursues this dream of the perfect life will not progress in life because of the innumerous odds against one. The American Dream is a solution to the individual’s problems as it is based on the actions of the individual, but even if the individual does all that he or she can to accomplish it. There are innumerable odds that go against the will of any specific person that there are absolutely no chances for someone to achieve the American Dream. In the novel, A Farewell to Arms, by Ernest Hemingway, a man named Frederic Henry attempts to receive the glory of the war, but is eventually disillusioned to the war and tries to run away and escape the perils of preordained death of a soldier. He gives up and tries to make a new life with a girl named Catharine Barkley. She was the connection and the anesthesia for him to forget the war. However, he does not make out of the war without a scratch. He ends up losing both his son and Catharine to a failed childbirth. This shows that the American dream is impossible to attain because the entire world is against the individual in any of his or her goals. Hemingway’s philosophy is that one must be of much bravado and strength in order to survive in this world. Although, he believes that there are no ways that someone can succeed because they will either die or die fighting. The hopelessness of Hemingway is characterized by the words of Ferguson who gives the advice that Henry would â€Å"never get married†¦ [And that] You’ll die before you’ll marry†¦ Fight or die. That’s what people do. They don’t marry†, which is a pessimistic view of a woman who does not approve of the relationship between Henry and Catherine (Hemingway 108). This foreshadowing is correct as they do not marry, but he does not fight as he tries to evade this prophecy. He runs away but Catherine has taken his place and left him alone anyway. Either way, he will lose everything that he had worked for. This shows that the American dream really is not attainable. There are so many odds that against someone tha t they will end up with the short end of the stick either way they choose. In the war, the soldiers become very pessimistic about the war. They start to doubt the world that they live in, and they become frustrated at why the war won’t ever end. One soldier, named Passini, muses that war â€Å" doesn’t finish There is no finish to war. . War is not won by victory†¦ One side must stop fighting†, but there are always people fighting because if they stop, the other side would kill the survivors (Hemingway 50-51). This shows that society is always against the individual when he or she tries to commit to something. The war illustrates what people will become when they are exposed to a world in which the only goal is to stay alive. However, the true goal is to push everyone else down to stay alive. Therefore, a life with the American Dream is not possible because there will always be those that do not care for equality and make the dream impossible for anyone in cluding those at the top. As we fight each other in a war, the entire purpose of life is nullified to becoming pointless. The entire American Dream is stated in the novel of Hemingway as a moral that people can try to escape but they will always be beaten down. The novel shows how the American dream is not only unattainable but is also unavoidable because there are no other choices besides fighting and dying. When people believe that America is a land of opportunity to start anew and begin a life that will automatically bear fruit from simple schemes and tricks, rather than work hard and try go stay alive, their pursuance of their fictitious dreams usually end up in disaster and the only remedy to alleviate these circumstances is to stop following the American dream and start without any remnants from the past life. While Henry brought along his love to start anew, he lost that because it was from the war. In A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry, an African American family tries to make a living despite the constant pressures and concerns over money. After the money is lost in a gamble, the family makes a downward spiral into the collapse of moral values. The greatest change comes from the man, Walter Lee, the father of the African American family, as he finally embarks on a journey from being a self-hated man who did not have a good job to the full acceptance of his role as the fath er and leader of the family. The greatest moment of truth that occurs in the movie is the time that Walter Lee rejects the offer of money to ruin his family. Earlier, he would have accepted the offer; however, at this time Walter Lee became a man and did not care for money as much as he did before. He believes in the instant wealth dream. He desires to invest in a liquor store, which is reminiscent of the 20’s in which men had bootlegged for extremely large sums of money. The help that he receives that makes him change his ways as the scolding of his mother who states â€Å"freedom used to be life† after he ignorantly replies â€Å"it was always money†¦ We just didn’t know it† but as he says this, he learns that he is at a crossroads between his morals and the things that he has learned about the modern world (Hansberry I.i.73). However, when he loses the money to a thief who he entrusted his savings to, he learns that acceptance of one’s posi tion is more important than receiving monetary compensation. He stops his ways and changes into a better man. The man here changes from avoiding the American Dream. He only escaped the continued wrath of the American dream because he had given it up for a simpler life with his family. However, when he stopped trying to take for himself the limited resources of the family and becomes obsessed with material wealth and money, he lets go of the personal values of respect to his family that he was taught by his mother. The belief that there is an unlimited amount of opportunity in this world will lead someone to give up anything to get at the prize because the rewards would hypothetically save him or her from losing everything. The fear of not attaining the American dream causes him to make rash judgments. By however, as insidious as the world is, people will get swindled for their belief in the perfect life and will end up by losing their hard earned savings rather than working hard to make a living for those around them. However, he is wrong when the dreams are already dead. Walter does not consider the hope of Beneatha to save the family when he uses the money in a selfish way. Beneatha cries out after a Walter’s mistake â€Å"we are all dead now†¦dreams and sunlight [is] all dead now† (Hansberry I.i.143). This shows that there were dreams already. However, the American dream of Walter changed those of the entire family. The hopeful dreams of Beneatha show that there is still hope for the family. The greed of the American Dream causes Walter to stray from the path; potentially ruining the family and setting the family back a generation of savings. The family changed back to the original dream before there could be much more damage done from the pursuit of the fake American Dream. As Gatsby did, Walter was trying to go into the liquor business. As a bootlegger, Gatsby achieved much wealth in a short amount of time. However, as quickly as he had attained the money, he had lost it. . However, the society that he rose out of made him go back to where he had started in the first place. In order to make any progress at all, Walter and Gatsby should have ignored the American Dream in order to save their money rather than make schemes to make it fast. When someone becomes disillusioned to the materialistic desire of the American Dream, he or she will be able to accept his or her own place in this society more. Thus, there is still hope in the fact that there are other dreams that do not pertain to the preconceived notions that create the American dream. Without the thinking that America is perfect and that there are no risks and consequences to the unrestricted life of desire and going against a world that will crush all those that try to go against accepted morals and societal values. The American Dream is a dream that many people believed in and still do. However, when they become disillusioned, they realize what kind of mistake they have been making. The mistakes are to believe that the three false factors that constitute the American Dream: The belief that America is a â€Å"New Eden† that is pure and has unlimited resources, that progress is important and the opportunities available in America are endless, and that individual self-reliant individual can achieve success without considering the truth of a corrupt and failing society. Thus, the reality of a bold new future will awaken to those who understand the workings of America. They wish to take on the power of heroes, but in reality they are nothing to the immeasurable forces, which act against them. The belief that America is a land of heroes is false. There are no perfect dreams. Just as people try to achieve the most and become the greatest success they can possibly be, the American Dream is impos sible to achieve. Just as Gatsby had tried to accomplish, people will attempt to force their way to the top but as they do, people already at the top would push them back down for fear of losing the money they had already gained. The immeasurable odds are against the individual and the pursuit of the American dream is pointless and will only end up either in death or destruction from fighting it. The only way to live a prosperous life is to accept the life that one has and not risk themselves for a fake dream that applies to none whom pursue it. 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Education Programs for African American Students Essay

Education Programs for African American Students - Essay Example Speaking about the problem mentioned above we should pay attention to the history of Special Education and its functions. It will help to see the current issue from inside. The history of Special Education is an example of realization of democratic principles in educating the children, whose abilities are worse than intermediate. From 1875 to 1920 American schools are a source of social changes. The early attempts of organizing the educational establishments for the children, who needed special care, were included to special schools, where students were prepared for life and got educated. These schools were organized with the aim of giving service to the people with deep, easily identifying disabilities. Later some classes for the disabled were opened in common schools. In 1878 two classes for the students with behaviour disturbance were organised. In the end of the 19th century the responsibility of educating the disabled was recognized. The year of 1954 brought a law, which claimed compulsory education for all people (not considering race, ethnic identity, gender and disabilities). During the history of special education the disability differentiation was the main point for discussion. According to the law students should get special care if they have the following disabilities: mental disability, ear disturbance, speech disturbance, eye disturbance, serious emotional disturbance, autism, and some difficulties in learning.

Political Particpation and how it works in different forms of Essay

Political Particpation and how it works in different forms of government - Essay Example It will be argued in the following that new technologies have the potential to bring the young voters in. The internet presents a number of opportunities to improve political participation, and recent political transformations in the Middle East and the impact of 'social media' on those revolutionary actions, should be sufficient proof that much of the potential is already being realized. Moreover, the 'world wide web' which was launched in [Lipson and Day 10] 1993 (internet is older) is now eighteen years old or the age in which youth begin to vote. Voters have now had the web at their disposal, for the entirety of their lives and this is actually a demographic water-shed of sorts. All voters from this time forward, will have had web-era computer technologies at their disposal, and these technologies hold a number of deposits of hope for attracting participation from precisely the age group with the worst turn-out. Before getting to the potential for increasing participation, some o f the positives of current practices will be outlined to demonstrate what can be built on. Political transparency is one of the areas that the world wide web has been very good thus far at improving.

The Influence of Religion on the First Amendment Research Paper

The Influence of Religion on the First Amendment - Research Paper Example It is sufficiently practical to start this research work by first understanding the indepth meaning of some of the vital concepts that will form the basis of this paper. Democracy is one key concept that will be used and its definition is as follows: It is a system integrated into governance/governments where citizens come in unison to determine the appropriate public policies, laws, and more so, what the deem fit and justifiable in regard to their states’ actions . In observation, democracy can be termed as the degree to which a given government system comes close to achieving this idealistic foundation. A political system that comes close or in approximation internalizes the ideal democracy is termed to as ‘a democracy’. While there exists no unanimously acknowledged description of the concept ‘democracy’, free will and fairness have been widely acknowledged as imperative and unique characteristics of democracy. These doctrines are mirrored in the g eneral populace being equal in the eyes of the established laws and boast equal admittance to related governmental processes. For instance, the types of freedom enjoyed by the populace are protected by the widely recognized and legitimized liberties and rights which are by and large constitutionally protected. (Alexis de Tocqueville, 1999). Religion is a concept defined as an anthology of cultural arrangements, convictional structures, and accepted worldviews that institute symbols that link up spirituality to humankind and in most instances, to values considered moral. The word religion varies from personal conviction because it portrays public aspect (Dahl, 1998). Religions have structured manners and structures that include clerical command and leadership chains which amount to constitution of adhering members, laity congregations, and standardized meetings of worship and rituals. The Establishment Clause constitutes the American constitution’s First Amendment and affirms that the American congress shall in no manner make law or decree relating to religion institution (Somer, 2000). The establishment clause has in the main been taken to mean prohibition of: 1). the institution/formation of a nationally binding religion by the American congress serving at any given time, or 2). the inclination by the any serving American government to prefer any kind of religion over others/another (Farish, 1998). The former approach/interpretation is called the ‘no aid’ or ‘separation" interpretation. The latter interpretation/approach is labeled the ‘accommodation’ or the ‘non-preferential’ interpretation. Jointly, with the Religious Freedom Clause, (Free Exercise Clause), the two constitute the First Amendment’ religion clauses. The accommodation constitutional interpretation forbids any sitting American Congress from fancying one religious establishment over others (Cohen, 1998). It however does not bar the exist ing government's admission into the religious sphere to craft adjustments with the purposeful aim of achieving the rationale of the related Free Exercise Clause. The Free Exercise Clause disallows any sitting government’s intrusion into religion even if the meddling is utterly unpremeditated (Inglehart, 1997). In case the interference is deemed deliberate, the accommodation law will definitely conflict with the Religious Freedom Clause/Free Exercise Clause. In case the intrusion is inadvertent, the law will be steadily upheld provided that the law

Comparison Of Online And Traditional Learning English Language Essay

Comparison Of Online And Traditional Learning English Language Essay Over the past decade, researchers have demonstrated that technology can be a useful and effective tool to administer education. Although, nothing can take the place of the teacher in terms of developing students education, online education is making their way into classrooms and homes now. The teachers are not the only ones who can open the door to education for students whereas the computer plays an additional role in helping students education technologically as a useful tool. Although you cant get the direct interaction; online learning provides convenient learning. (Shoeman-Jones 2009) With the economic conditions changing people are opting to go online. More people are working and going to school which will make them competitive and give the working man options about his education. However, online learning can be effective for students if its used wisely. The main focus of online is convenience but it can also be an alternative to get outside beyond the walls and connect to soci ety rather than sitting in a classroom. Computers are used for just about everything but can it really replace the classroom? In fact, education and technology, if we understand it in its broadest sense, is changing everyday in every way. Therefore students have several different options that can best suit their needs. Researchers agree that Technology is so advanced and sophisticated but can it really take the place of the teacher who can motivate, organize and manage the whole class by creating the pleasant aura of active teaching and learning process, but many have drawn quite different conclusions in addressing the following questions: 1. What are the advantages of a classroom setting? Classroom Vs Online 3 2. What are the disadvantages of a classroom setting? 3. Can Online Education be just as effective as the classroom? 4. What are the implications of Online Learning? This review of Teacher Vs Online focuses on these four questions. What are the Advantages of a Classroom Setting? In an influential article, Neobrain, Wright, and Cleaver (2009) argued that everyone need a person who can both understand their needs, their weak points and strong points and also know the most effective and suitable methods for the students to make them realize themselves what they are going to do is right or wrong. For the students in the classroom, computers are amazingly useful machines that, in almost no time, can perform sophisticated operations and solve difficult questions, which even the teacher, let alone students, cannot do. With that said the teacher can know who is following his teaching and who is not and give relevant examples during his teaching to keep the class interested in the subject he is explaining. Another advantage of classroom learning is that the teacher can give students the real essence of education by nourishing students hearts and opening students minds during the classroom teaching. Also, students have the advantage of having face-to-face interaction with the teacher which enhances their classroom experience. (Wonacott 2002) Teachers feel that they can assess their students better through weekly interaction in the classroom. In classrooms with a smaller teacher-to-student ratio, students can even get more direct assistance. Because there is real time interaction and students and their instructor speak instead of typing, more ground can be covered in less time. An instructor or student can point to a page in their text. The instructor can write Classroom Vs Online 4 information down on a white board. Students can discuss information with each other, and because they are speaking in person, there is less chance that one of them will be misunderstood. One thing that is affected by the Online Learning is the social interaction. (Anderson 2007) Social Interaction is important because traditional classroom teaching also provides students with the opportunity to have real social interaction with one another. This interaction in turn allows for the students to help one another in terms of academics or in terms of personal issues. Good learningis collaborative and social, not competitive and isolated (Fulford, 6). When students sit in chairs next to each other they learn from each others mistakes and learn social interaction skills. Also, traditional schools offer sports, recreation, student clubs and organizations, and other activities that allow you to form friendships and social networks. Good social interaction is a key part of living well. Study after study shows that good friendships, family relationships and health as the most important things to have in order to be happy and fulfilled. In this sense, again the computers performa nce is nothing compared to the traditional classroom. What are the Disadvantages of a classroom setting? In a traditional classroom environment, there are usually anywhere from twenty to thirty children and one teacher. In some cases, that teacher might have a teachers aid or an assistant teacher. This is where the disadvantage starts- it is simply impossible for one person to give each student the one-on-one attention or instruction that may be required. In a classroom of twenty to thirty students, there are going to be several students with differing learning styles and academic strengths and weaknesses. (Alavi Gallupe 2003) Classroom Vs Online 5 Which brings to light the next disadvantage of a traditional classroom. In a traditional classroom environment, its not uncommon for students to become bored or frustrated. Some students learn better by visual means, others will learn better with auditory means, and still others are going to learn better with a hands-on approach. It is virtually impossible for a single teacher to accommodate all methods of learning when he or she is responsible for teaching a large number of students. Thus, children who do not fall into the traditional learning method category are far more likely to fall through the cracks, become bored or discouraged, or to display behavior problems in the classroom. (Shoeman-Jones 2009) The traditional classroom environment works well for a large number of students, but there are many others who simply have difficulty learning in this environment, have difficulty interacting with peers, or who require more one-on-one attention and time to grasp certain concepts. In traditional classrooms, lecture is the main form of learning. One characteristic of traditional learning is: The student is forced to be in the same time day in and day out. With the economic changes we are facing in todays age and tuition cost rising, students are working. The career fields are more competitive and people are not alone seeking employees with an education but also experience. So with that said, students are seeking alternative options for acquiring an education so they can remain competitive in todays job market. Sitting in a classroom is not an ideal setting for some students. Being able to pace and not have strict time constraints on assignments can be beneficial. Some students have odd working hours and dont have the time to get to class on time and that can cause stress mentally and physically. Also, students have Classroom Vs Online 6 finally found themselves able to help themselves and get self-educated even long after finishing the class. (Shoeman-Jones 2009) Perhaps this may be the most significant fact that makes the difference between the teacher and the machine. You can cover more material and ground at your own pace and complete the class early. On the other hand, Classroom learning does have its disadvantage especially competing with convenience. Can online education be just as effective as the classroom? With so many advancements with the internet you have many options for online learning. From websites that exists to help elementary students prepare for statewide tests, to middle and high schools having the opportunity to take classes online and complete make up work. The internet has certainly made learning convenient and a much simpler process. Giving students flexibility in learning may push someone that may otherwise decide not to finish high school or even enroll in college into completing to a different decision. Also most students work either full or part time therefore having the option to take classes online is a great advantage for them. Education is now one of the many opportunities available for consumers on the Internet. The online student population is expanding by 30 percent a year, with over 75 percent of traditional colleges and universities getting into the market, according to experts. With the Internet, distance degrees have become a viable and valuable option fo r the individual who may not be able to enroll full-time in a traditional brick-and-mortar institution. (Neal) What is online education? Who can take online classes? Is an online degree the same as a degree from a college that you take on campus? These are some questions that you may want to know the answers to before deciding to enroll in online classes. According to, www.blackboard.com online education can be Classroom Vs Online 7 defined as an approach to teaching and learning that utilizes Internet technologies to communicate and collaborate in an educational context. This includes technology that supplements traditional classroom training with web-based components and learning environments where the educational process is experienced online. Anyone with access to the internet can take classes online. Whether you obtained your degree online or on a campus your degree is treated the same as long as the institution is accredited. Colleges offering online or blended classes have online learning tools that you take your classes at and participate in discussions. At Florida State Community College they use a platform called Blackboard. On Blackboard you can also view your grades and email other classmates, teachers also use this site to post messages to the students. You can also take exams and quizzes on blackboard. Unless there is scheduled maintenance Blackboard is accessible twenty-four hours per day, seven d ays per week. This is convenient for the students, and makes life much easier. Since September 11, 2001, the number of overseas inquires about online learning has jumped 40 percent. (Neal) There are many advantages and disadvantages that students take into consideration before enrolling in online classes. One of the best advantages to online classes is flexibility. Online classes do not require you to commute. In some cases, students travel from more than one campus. Most students like that they can make their own schedule, choosing to take your classes during the day or even in the middle of the night. When taking online classes you dont have to sacrifice a lot of your free time, especially when you can do work any time day or night. Classroom Vs Online 8 Students really dont have to leave the comfort of their own home, not to mention time saved on traveling to class and the amount of money saved on gas. You dont have to worry about what youre going to wear to school. Some students dread participating in class, they may not be scared to speak to others but sometimes having all eyes on you may make your uncomfortable. Participating with online discussion gives you a voice that may have otherwise have never been heard. Moving away from shyness and also giving you a better participation grade. If youre not a good note taker, dont worry, most of the lectures are already written out for you and you can go back and look at it anytime that you would like. If you have small children you can care for them and take your classes without having to send them off to daycare. Weve seen the commercials on television all the time, mostly of students in their pajamas and imagine that it could be us. Not having to go into a classroom and listen to a lon g lecture that you may think is so boring can otherwise be seen online and you dont have to worry about dosing off. Some students may have otherwise recorded the lectures in order to listen to again at a later time, now they can go back to it on the schools learning tool. Being able to complete assignments at home without any distractions from other classmates is also an advantage, especially for those who have a short attention span. Another advantage of online learning is the accessibility of learning materials. No matter your program of study you will more than likely able to find classes pertaining to your degree. Being able to control the timeframe in which you obtain your degree is another advantage, most colleges offer accelerated degree programs. Even though you may be earning your degree faster than most does not mean the task will not be difficult, you have to be dedicated in obtaining your degree or you may fail. You can also work on more the one degree Classroom Vs Online 9 program at a time. Make sure that you have a laptop so that anytime you have free time you can pick it up and get to work. Another advantage is that in some online classes most tests and quizzes are given online giving you the opportunity to use your textbooks. Even if the tests are timed you are more likely to score higher if you have the information in front of you to pass the test or quiz. If you have good time management skills and do not find yourself procrastinating often then online learning may be a good option for you. What are the disadvantages of Online Learning? There are many disadvantages as well to online learning. One disadvantage that students complain about is face to face interaction with other students and the teachers. One of the most common disadvantages that students have is the lack of supervision which leads to procrastination. Some students need constant motivation from teachers and students in order to succeed, so if you are not able to work on your own you shouldnt consider online classes. Even though you can wake up in the middle of the night to complete a paper at the last minute you find yourself doing it more often due to the lack of supervision. Usually students with poor study habits fail at online learning. Self-Pace is a lot of hard work and dedication. Usually online classes require you to read more and complete more assignments versus traditional classroom whereas you would take notes. Another disadvantage is that most online classes usually cost more than the classes taken on campus. With the rising cost of tuition and books, online fees are not far behind and doubling every year. Be sure to check with your college of choice when making this decision. Even though you may be saving with travel expenses you need to make sure that you are not paying so much more for your classes that saving on the traveling is not a Classroom Vs Online 10 big difference. If youre only reason to take online classes is to save money on traveling you may want to check on the cost of your online course first before making your decision. You also have to be very computer savvy or succeeding with an online course will be nearly impossible for students. With most online courses you are on the internet most of the time so you may want to make sure you are very familiar with the internet before starting an online class. To develop your computer skills to take online classes, you can take a computer course on most college campuses, and this should be done before signing up for online classes if you think you need better computer skills. Some online credits may also not be transferable so you may want to make sure that you check with your advisor before trying to transfer any credits. Not every school in the nation has migrated to virtual world completely. Make sure that you also that you find a fully accredited program. Conclusion Taking the advantages and disadvantages into consideration will make your decision easier when considering your education. Whatever path you decide to go be sure to weigh all of your options, and do what is best for you and not what others may think is best for you. We all have different learning styles so what may be the best option for me may not be the best option for you. Many have earned their degrees online or through blended classes and their degrees is just as good as the person who earned it in a traditional classroom environment. Just be very careful in choosing am program that is accredited or the classes youve taken could not only be a waste of time but also money. When it comes to education, there simply is no one size fits all answer. The teacher has got a unique human brain that can perform teaching in a way that the Classroom Vs Online 11 computer, a mere artificial brain, cannot do. Well when it comes down to it, traditional classroom will always win, you cannot put value on the long time study of a profession thats proven to be effective but if youre willing to step outside box consider taking at least one class online, just to see if its right for you. Remember you have to fail sometimes in order to succeed. Classroom Vs Online 12

Ghost Story of Admiral Fell Inn, Baltimore :: Urban Legends

Admiral Fell Inn, Baltimore I have lived in Baltimore for quite some time now, and it is impossible to live in the area and not know that there is a ghost story associated with the Admiral Fell Inn at Fell Point (a section of Baltimore located right on the harbor). The man who told me this story is a very well educated, 61 year old credit union CEO. He told me the story over dinner, with me trying to shush the rest of the guests because they all wanted to tell their own versions. I have included his version of the Ghost of Admiral Fell below, excluding only names and comments from others: It all started on a dark and stormy night†¦ Actually [my wife] and I had the opportunity of meeting the Admiral during one stay a number of years ago. It wasn't quite a dark and stormy night, but certainly an afternoon to remember. Just off to the side of the registration area of the Inn is a quaint resting area where tea and other "spirits" are served in the traditional afternoon tea. Since this was in the late fall time period, a nice warming fire had been set with guests coming and going. As we were enjoying a concoction of light fare and drink a gentlemen of period dress appeared without entrance. He greeted us and inquired if we had tasted the "tea"? When challenged as to his attire, he introduced himself as William Fell from Lancaster England and was a permanent resident of the Inn. He proceeded to tell the story of the area, how he had found, some 150 or so years ago, this as a suitable deep water port for shipping American goods back to England. In fact, he reminisced on the building of the first continental army's naval frigate, the Virginia and later the Constellation in these very waters. He also saw the need to bring a calming atmosphere to the high spirited seaman by creating a safe refuge in these quarters. As we proceeded to refill our glass of a very warming mixture, we turned and as quietly as the Admiral had entered the room, he had some how vanished. A ghost . . . I'm not sure, but was certainly a man of stature, knowledge and power. That evening, as we lowered the lights, we thought we heard a quiet, muted humming of an old sailor’s song as the hallway floor creaked under what sounded like light footsteps.

Early History of Flight

AIR TRANSPORTATION Early History of Flight: Around 400 BC – Flight in China †¢ The discovery of the kite that could fly in the air by the Chinese started humans thinking about flying. †¢ Kites have been important to the invention of flight as they were the forerunner to balloons and gliders. Hero and the Aeolipile †¢ The ancient Greek engineer, Hero of Alexandria, worked with air pressure and steam to create sources of power. One experiment that he developed was the aeolipile which used jets of steam to create rotary motion. 1485 The Ornithopter and the Study of Flight †¢ Leonardo da Vinci made the first real studies of flight in the 1480's.He had over 100 drawings that illustrated his theories on bird and mechanical flight. The drawings illustrated the wings and tails of birds, ideas for man carrying machines, and devices for the testing of wings. 1783-The Flight of the First Hot Air Balloon †¢ The brothers, Joseph Michel and Jacques Etienne Montgolfi er, were inventors of the first hot air balloon. †¢ They used the smoke from a fire to blow hot air into a silk bag. The silk bag was attached to a basket. The hot air then rose and allowed the balloon to be lighter-than-air. †¢ In 1783, the first passengers in the colorful balloon were a sheep, rooster and duck.It climbed to a height of about 6,000 feet and traveled more than one mile. †¢ The first manned flight was on November 21, 1783, the passengers were Jean-Francois Pilatre de Rozier and Francois Laurent. 1799-1850's-Gliders †¢ Sir George Cayley is considered the â€Å"FATHER OF AERODYNAMICS†.. †¢ Cayley experimented with wing design, distinguished between lift and drag, and formulated the concepts of vertical tail surfaces, steering rudders, rear elevators, and air screws. †¢ Cayley designed many different versions of gliders that used the movements of the body to control.A young boy, whose name is not known, was the first to fly one of Ca yley's gliders, the first glider capable of carrying a human. 1891 Otto Lilienthal †¢ German engineer, Otto Lilienthal, studied aerodynamics and worked to design a glider that would fly. Otto Lilienthal was the first person to design a glider that could fly a person and was able to fly long distances. 1891 Aerodrome †¢ Samuel Langley was physicist and astronomer who realized that power was needed to help man fly. †¢ He built a model of a plane, which he called an aerodrome that included a steam-powered engine.In 1891, his model flew for 3/4s of a mile before running out of fuel. †¢ It was too heavy to fly and it crashed. He was very disappointed. He gave up trying to fly. His major contributions to flight involved attempts at adding a power plant to a glider 1894 Octave Chanute †¢ Octave Chanute was a successful engineer who undertook the invention of airplanes as a hobby, after being inspired by Otto Lilienthal. †¢ Chanute designed several aircraft, th e Herring – Chanute biplane was his most successful design and formed the basis of the Wright biplane design. MAN’S FIRST SUCCESFUL FLIGHT: 903- The Wright Brothers †¢ Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright was very deliberate in their quest for flight. †¢ The Wright Brothers designed and used a wind tunnel to test the shapes of the wings and the tails of the gliders. After they found a glider shape that consistently would fly in the tests in the North Carolina Outer Banks dunes, then they turned their attention to how to create a propulsion system that would create the lift needed to fly. †¢ The â€Å"Flyer† lifted from level ground to the north of Big Kill Devil Hill, at 10:35 a. m. , on December 17, 1903.Orville piloted the plane which weighed six hundred and five pounds. †¢ The first heavier-than-air flight traveled 120 ft. in 12 seconds. The two brothers took turns during the test flights. It was Orville's turn to test the plane, so he is the brother that is credited with the first flight. †¢ In 1904, the first flight lasting more than five minutes took place on November 9. The Flyer II was flown by Wilbur Wright. †¢ In 1908, passenger flight took a turn for the worse when the first fatal air crash occurred on September 17. †¢ Orville Wright was piloting the plane.Orville Wright survived the crash, but his passenger, Signal Corps Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge, did not. The Wright Brothers had been allowing passengers to fly with them since May 14, 1908. TYPES OF AIRPLANE ENGINES TURBOJET ENGINE †¢ The basic idea of the turbojet engine is simple. Air taken in from an opening in the front of the engine is compressed to 3 to 12 times its original pressure in compressor. †¢ The turbojet engine is a reaction engine. In a reaction engine, expanding gases push hard against the front of the engine TURBOPROP ENGINE (Turbo propeller Engine) A turboprop engine is a jet engine attached to a propeller. The turb ine at the back is turned by the hot gases, and this turns a shaft that drives the propeller. †¢ Some small airliners and transport aircraft are powered by turboprops. †¢ Engines featuring such propellers are called prop fans. †¢ Hungarian, Gyorgy Jendrassik who worked for the Ganz wagon works in Budapest designed the very first working turboprop engine in 1938. Called the Cs-1, Jendrassik's engine was first tested in August of 1940; the Cs-1 was abandoned in 1941 without going into production due to the War. Max Mueller designed the first turboprop engine that went into production in 1942. TURBOFAN RNGINE †¢ A turbofan engine has a large fan at the front, which sucks in air. †¢ Most of today's airliners are powered by turbofans. In a turbojet all the air entering the intake passes through the gas generator, which is composed of the compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine. TURBO SHAFT ENGINE †¢ It does not drive a propeller. Instead, it provides pow er for a helicopter rotor. †¢ The turbo shaft engine is designed so that the speed of the helicopter rotor is independent of the rotating speed of the gas generator.RAMJET ENGINE †¢ The speed of the jet â€Å"rams† or forces air into the engine. It is essentially a turbojet in which rotating machinery has been omitted. †¢ A ramjet vehicle requires some form of assisted takeoff, such as another aircraft. It has been used primarily in guided-missile systems. Space vehicles use this type of jet. PARTS OF AN AIRPLANE AND THEIR FUNCTIONS 1. Fuselage- The body of the plane. It is generally a long tube shape 2. Landing gear- The wheels of a plane. ?    – There are two main wheels on either side of the plane fuselage.Then there is one more wheel near the front of the plane. The brakes for the wheels are like the brakes for cars. They are operated by pedals, one for each wheel. Most landing gear can be folded into the fuselage during the flight and opened for l anding. 3. Wings- The wings are shaped with smooth surfaces. There is a curve to the wings which helps push the air over the top more quickly than it goes under the wing. ?      Ã¢â‚¬â€œ The shape of the wings determines how fast and high the plane can fly. ?      Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Wings are called airfoils. 4.Flaps- slide back and down to increase the surface of the wing area. -They also tilt down to increase the curve of the wing. 5. Slats- move out from the front of the wings to make the wing space larger. This helps to increase the lifting force of the wing at slower speeds like takeoff and landing. 6. Ailerons- are hinged on the wings and move downward to push the air down and make the wing tilt up. This moves the plane to the side and helps it turn during flight. 7. Spoilers- after landing, the spoilers are used like air brakes to reduce any remaining lift and slow down the airplane.REGIMES OF FLIGHT †¢ Ranges of speed defined relative to the local speed of sound. 1. SUBSO NIC †¢ this category contains most of the commercial jets that are used today to move passengers and cargo. †¢ the speed is just below the speed of sound as 350-750 miles per hour. †¢ engines today are lighter and more powerful and can travel quickly with large loads of people and goods. 2. SUPERSONIC †¢ 760 MPH is the speed of sound. †¢ These planes can fly up to 5 times   the speed of sound. Planes in this regime have specially designed high performance engines. They are also designed in lightweight materials to provide less drag. †¢ The first powered aircraft to explore this regime was the Bell X-1A, in 1947. †¢ The wings of supersonic fighters are swept in planform to reduce drag. †¢ President Kennedy- in 1963 he proposed the supersonic plane as a national priority. †¢ UNITED STATES- gave up its first attempts to produce a supersonic transport (SST) for commercial used after spending 1 billion dollars in development. †¢ TU-144- supersonic version of Russian but it has been plagued with economic and safety problems. †¢ CONCORDE- British/French version of SST has a cruising speed of 1,458 miles per hour at an altitude of 50,000-60,000 feet, which takes it out of the more heavily traveled subsonic jets levels of 30,000-40,000 feet. -it needs speeds of200-215 knots to take off, as compared with 165 knots for subsonic. Supersonic Transport problems: †¢ it seats only 105 passengers. †¢ fuel consumption is 2-3 times that of a subsonic. †¢ The range is less that 4,000 miles. Advantages of Concorde: †¢ 80% are business travelers †¢ cabin is pressurized to 5,000 feet instead of to about 7,000 feet as in subsonic jets. †¢ air conditioning balances the humidity, which makes colds. Even though the SST has proved economically unfeasible mostly because of its small pay load. ? Air travel changes will probably call for an improved version, one of that can carry at least 250 passengers a nd have a 7500 mile range. ? That kind of plane would be a boon for pacific basin travel, where current flight times are nine to thirteen hours. 3. HYPERSONIC †¢ 3500-7000 MPH speed of sound. †¢ Rockets travel at speeds 5 to 10 times the speed of sound as they go into orbit. †¢ In the 1970s, the term generally came to refer to speeds of Mach 5 (5 times the speed of sound) and above.The hypersonic regime is a subset of the supersonic regime. †¢ Large variations in air density and pressure occur because of shock waves, and expansions 4. TRANSONIC †¢ Transonic is an aeronautics term referring to a range of velocities just below and above the speed of sound (about mach 0. 8–1. 2). It is defined as the range of speeds between the critical Mach number. †¢ Most modern jet powered aircraft spend a considerable amount of time in the transonic state. This is particularly important due to an effect known as wave drag, which is prevalent in these speed range s. Severe instability can occur at transonic speeds. Shock waves move through the air at the speed of sound. THE NEWEST PLANES †¢ Boeing 747-400- the newest of the long range jets. ?   >can carry 410 passengers and has a range 0f 8,800 miles †¢ MD-11 -McDonnell Douglas newest jets. ? > MD-11 can carry 405 passengers. ? -Both planes are being built to test the traveler’s capacity to sit in one seat for a                                     marathon 16plus hours, extending over 7,000 to 8,000 miles. 1987- Europe and its Airbus Industry had put about 15 billion on the line to produce a: JUNIOR JUMBO -the airbus A-340,   -a 275-seater with a range about 8,000 miles? -greater flight frequencies because of faster loading and deplaning of passengers. Aircraft Footprint- is the distance from the takeoff point to the point   at which the plane is no longer significantly audible. N. V Fokker- a smaller aircraft contender. ?-are fuel-efficient and require small cockpit crews. FREEDOMS OF THE AIR First Freedom of the Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State or States to fly across its territory without landing (also known as a First Freedom Right).Second Freedom of the Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State or States to land in its territory for non-traffic purposes (also known as a Second Freedom Right). Third Freedom of The Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State to put down, in the territory of the first State, traffic coming from the home State of the carrier (also known as a Third Freedom Right).Fourth Freedom of The Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State to take on, in the terr itory of the first State, traffic destined for the home State of the carrier (also known as a Fourth Freedom Right). Fifth Freedom of The Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State to put down and to take on, in the territory of the first State, traffic coming from or destined to a third State (also known as a Fifth Freedom Right).ICAO characterizes all â€Å"freedoms† beyond the Fifth as â€Å"so-called† because only the first five â€Å"freedoms† have been officially recognized as such by international treaty. Sixth Freedom of The Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, of transporting, via the home State of the carrier, traffic moving between two other States (also known as a Sixth Freedom Right). The so-called Sixth Freedom of the Air, unlike the first five freedoms, is not incorporated as such into any widely recognized air se rvice agreements such as the â€Å"Five Freedoms Agreement†.Seventh Freedom of The Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, granted by one State to another State, of transporting traffic between the territory of the granting State and any third State with no requirement to include on such operation any point in the territory of the recipient State, i. e the service need not connect to or be an extension of any service to/from the home State of the carrier.Eighth Freedom of The Air – the right or privilege, in respect of scheduled international air services, of transporting cabotage traffic between two points in the territory of the granting State on a service which originates or terminates in the home country of the foreign carrier or (in connection with the so-called Seventh Freedom of the Air) outside the territory of the granting State (also known as a Eighth Freedom Right or â€Å"consecutive cabotage†).Ninth F reedom of The Air – the right or privilege of transporting cabotage traffic of the granting State on a service performed entirely within the territory of the granting State (also known as a Ninth Freedom Right or â€Å"stand alone† cabotage). GOVERNMENT AGENCIES †¢ INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION (IATA) o Is an international industry trade group of airlines headquartered in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. o IATA was formed IATA was formed in April 1945, in Havana, Cuba. It is the successor to the International Air Traffic Association, founded in The Hague in 1919, the year of the world's first international scheduled services.Functions: ? To the member airlines- it provides solutions to problems beyond the resources of any single airline. ? To the government- it is the medium of negotiation for international fares and agreements. ? To the traveling public- it ensures the traveling public safe and efficient operations of all the airlines, proper business practice by the airlines and travel agents. ? Clears financial balance between airlines and charges between tickets. ? Caters ground holding ? Performs maintenance service ? Handles aircraft leasing projects ? Promotes worldwide air travel safety Regulate the shipping of dangerous goods INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO) ? An agency of the United Nations, codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth. Its headquarters are located in the Quartier International of Montreal, Canada. Functions: ? Adopts standards and recommended practices concerning air navigation. ? Prevention of unlawful interference ? Facilitation of border-crossing procedures for international civil aviation. Defines the protocols for air accident investigation followed by transport safety authorities in countries signatory to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, commonl y known as the Chicago Convention CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD (CAB) ? Agency charged with the power to regulate the economic aspect of air transportation in the Philippines. Functions: ? Licensing of domestic and international airlines. ? Regulation of fares and rates for the carriage of person s and property. ? Enforcement of the economic provision of R. A. 776. ? Authorization of navigation of foreign aircraft in the Philippines. Participation in the negotiation of air agreements covering exchange of air rights. ? Suggest corrective to improve safety in air commerce. ? Assure protection of the public by requiring the performance of safe and adequate air service, eliminating rate discrimination, unfair competition and deceptive practices in air transportation. Air Transportation Office (ATO) ? The Philippines' Air Transportation Office (Filipino: Tanggapan ng Transportasyong Himpapawid), abbreviated as ATO, is responsible for implementing policies on civil aviation to assure safe, econ omic and efficient air travel.FUNCTIONS: ? Establish and prescribe rules and regulations for the inspection and registration of all aircraft owned and operated in the Philippines and all air facilities; ? Establish and prescribe the corresponding rules and regulations for the enforcement of ? Determine, fix and/or prescribe charges and/or rates pertinent to the operation of public air utility facilities and services; ? Administer and operate the Civil Aviation Training Center (CATC); ? Operate and maintain national airports, air navigation and other similar facilities in compliance to ICAO; ?Perform such other powers and functions as may be prescribed by law. PHILIPPINE AEROSPACE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION (PADC) ? The corporation undertakes business and development activities for the establishment of reliable aviation and aerospace industry. ? It engages in design, manufacture and scale of all forms of aircrafts. ? It develops local capabilities in maintenance, repair and modification of equipment related to air flight. ? It operates on air transport service for domestic and international flights. ? Head: Reynato R. Jose FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION (FAA) It concentrates on passenger safety, aircraft certification to meet safety standards, pilot licensing and air traffic control. ? Also responsible for investigation of aircraft accident. ? 1958- FAA became independent MANILA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT AUTHORITY (MIAA) ? This government agency is in charge of operating and maintaining airport facilities in the Mactan International Airport. ? As with MIAA, MCIAA is responsible for keeping Mactan airport in tip-toe shape to ensure its competitiveness as a trade and tourist gateway to Visayas Island group. It implements airport rules, provides airport safety and security needs. ? Under operations are international and domestic operations and maintenance, fire fighting and rescue and electrical and mechanical services. ? Head: Gen. Mgr. Alfonso U. Alerre INTERNATIONAL AIR CHARTER ASSOCIATION (IACA) ? Trade association of supplemental and charter airlines. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION (NASA) ? The role of NASA is aeronautical research. ? They achieve world leadership in space technology and exploration. LOCAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM LIST OF AIRLINES IN THE PHILIPPINESPHILIPPINE AIRLINES ? It is the national airline of the Philippines. ? The first airline in Asia and the oldest of those currently in operation. ? Makati City: headquarters ? Flies both domestic and international ? Ninoy Aquino International Airport, Paranaque City: main hub. ? China Airlines and Japan Airlines: principal Asian competitors. ? IATA: PR HISTORY: ? February 1941: established ? Started by a group of businessmen led by Andres Soriano. ? March 1941: started its operation with a single Beech Model 18 aircraft making one flight daily between Manila (from Nielson Field) and Baguio. In July 1941, a chartered DC-4 ferried carried 40 American servicemen to Californ ia, making Pal the first airline to cross the Pacific. ? December 1941, started regular service between Manila and San Francisco.? INCIDENTS AND ACCIDENTS: ? Pal has 21 crash records ? Last one being in 1999 and most of them being in its earlier years. ? Philippine Airlines Flight 812 was a scheduled passenger flight from Francisco Bangoy International Airport in Davao City to Ninoy Aquino International Airport near Manila.On May 25, 2000, an Airbus A330-301 operating on the route was hijacked by a man later identified as Reginald Chua, just before the airplane was about to land. The flight carried 278 passengers and 13 crew members. AIR PHILIPPINES ? It is an airline registered in the Philippines. ? Primarily focuses on the domestic low-cost market. ? IATA: 2P ? ICAO: GAP ? Call sign: Orient Pacific History: ? February 13, 1995: was incorporated. ? Subic: base operations. ? February 1, 1996: started its flight operations with a Boeing737-200 between Subic, Iloilo and Zamboanga.ASIA N SPIRIT ? An airline based in the Philippines that usually flies routes not serviced by major airlines such as Philippine Airlines. ? The Philippines’ youngest airline. ? Based in Manila. ? Founded in 1996 by the Airline Employees Cooperative. ? IATA: 6K ? ICAO: RIT ? Call sign: Asian Spirit CEBU PACIFIC ? One of the newest airline companies operating in the Philippines. ? The country's 2nd largest airline after Philippine Airlines ? Cebu: headquarters ? March 8, 1996: first flight ? Started with 24 flights daily among Manila, Cebu and Davao. By 2000’s, was able to operate international flights to the countries of Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, South Korea and the dependency of Guam. ? IATA: 5J ? ICAO: CEB ? Call sign: Cebu Air PACIFIC EAST ASIA CARGO LINES ? Is a cargo airline based in the Philippines ? IATA: Q8 ? ICAO: PEC PACIFICAIR ? Pacificair ( Pacific Airways Corporation ) is an airline based in Manila, Philippines. ? Established: 1947 ? Operates sch eduled passenger flights, air taxi services, and is involved in agricultural work. ? IATA: GX ? ICAO: PFR ? Call sign: Pacific West